The complex sentence: perfect / past participle constructions
اسم المفعول والتصريف الثالث
للفعل فى الجملة المعقدة فى اللغة الإنجليزية
إستخدام being, having been
فى بعض الأحيان نستخدم being بدلاً من is, are, was
or were
وهى تستخدم دائماً بطريقة رسمية
فبدلاً من أن نقول :
I was lost, so I had to ask someone the way.
يمكن أن نقول
Being lost, I had to ask someone the way.
وفى بعض الأحيان نستخدم having been بدلاً have
been, had been
فبدلاً من أن نقول :
I've been abroad, so I
missed the elections.
يمكن أن نقول :
Having been abroad, I
missed the elections.
Exercise:
Rewrite these sentences using
being or having been
أعد كتابة الجمل الأتية
بإستخدام being or having been
I am out of work, so I spend a lot of my time at
home.
John is a scientist, so he hasn't read a lot of
novels.
He has been promised a reward, so he hopes he'll
get one.
I was near a newsagent's, so I went in and got a
paper.
They had been up all night, so they were in no mood
for jokes.
Answers:
Being out of work, I spend a lot of my time at
home.
Being a scientist, John hasn't read a lot of
novels.
Having been promised a reward, he hopes he'll
get one.
Being near a newsagent's, I went in and got a
paper.
Having been up all night, they were in no mood for
jokes.
إستخدام
"it
being" and "there being"
فى بعض الأحيان نستخدم it being بدلاً من it is, it was
فبدلاً من أن نقول :
It was Sunday so it
was hard to find a garage open.
يمكن أن نقول :
It being Sunday, it was hard to find a garage
open.
وفى بعض الأحيان نستخدم there being بدلاً من "there is" and "there was"
فبدلاً من أن نقول :
There was so much noise, I couldn't hear what
was going on.
يمكن أن نقول :
There being so much noise, I couldn't hear what
was going on.
ويمكن أن نستخدم it
being و there
being بعد without عند الكلام بطريقة رسمية
They often dig up the
roads without it being necessary. (= it isn't necessary)
She suddenly began
shouting without there being any reason. (= there was no reason)
Exercise:
Rewrite these sentences using it being
or there being, making any necessary changes
أعد كتابة الجمل الأتية
بإستخدام it being or
was being مع
عمل التغييرات اللازمة :
There were no questions so the meeting ended
quickly.
He kept helping himself to money and it wasn't
noticed. (without it ...)
He kept asking awkward questions and there was
no reason for it. (without there ...)
It was a holiday, so there were thousands of
cars on the roads.
There was no one in, so I left a message.
Answers:
There being no questions, the meeting ended quickly.
He kept helping himself to money without it
being noticed.
He kept asking awkward questions without there
being no reason for it.
It being a holiday, there were thousands of cars
on the roads.
There being no one in, if left a message.
Agreement between present participle and
subject
الإتفاق
بين الفاعل واسم الفاعل
يجب أن ننتبه جيداً عندما نقوم بعمل توافق بين اسم الفاعل والفاعل فى الجملة التى بها
أكثر من فعل كما فى المثال التالى :
Turning the corner, I
saw a tile fall of the roof. (I turned… and I saw)
إذا قلنا :
Turning the corner,
the tile fell of the roof.
فسيتغير معنى الجملة أو تصبح بلا معنى معقول
التصريف
الثالث past participle
التصريف
الثالث هو الشكل الثالث للفعل
Play, played, played
Go, went, gone
نستخدم التصريف الثالث للفعل بدلاً من المبنى للمجهول passive
Viewed from a
distance, it resembled a cloud. (when it was viewed)
Although build years
ago, I was in no good order. (Although it was built)
If accepted for the
job, you'll be informed soon. (if you are accepted)
يمكن أن نحدف who
و which
The system used here
is very successful (which is used)
Exercise:
Rewrite these sentences using past
participles.
أعد كتابة الجمل الأتية
بإستخدام التصريف الثالث
The painting was lost for many years. It turned up at an auction.
Although the meat was cooked for several hours,
it was still tough.
If the picture is seen from this angle, it looks
rather good.
The vegetables which are sold in this shop are
grown without chemicals.
When the poem is read aloud it is very
effective.
Answers:
Lost for many years, the painting turned up at
an auction.
Although cooked for several hours, the meat was
still tough.
If seemed from this angle, the picture looks
rather good.
The
vegetables sold in this shop are grown without chemicals.
When read aloud, the poem is very effective.
إرسال تعليق