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أسم الفاعل فى اللغة الإنجليزية the gerund


The complex sentence: present participle constructions
الجملة المعقدة : تركيب أسم الفاعل

Joining sentences with present participles ('-ing'(A)
(أ) ربط الجمل بصيغة اسم الفاعل

اسم الفاعل present participle  هو الفعل مضافاً له ing  
Find : finding
Play: playing
يمكن إستخدام اسم الفاعل بدلاً من عدة روابط فى الجملة مثل and, so لربط جملتين بسيطتين
If found the front door locked.
I went round the back.
يمكن ربط الجملتين السابقتين بإستخدام اسم الفاعل كالتالى :
Finding the front door locked, I went to the back.
لنفى اسم الفاعل نضع not  قبله
No knowing his phone number, I wasn't able to ring him.
يمكن إستخدام Being  بدلاً من is, was
I was short of money. I couldn't afford to buy it.
Being short of money, I couldn't afford to buy it.

Exercise:
Rewrite these sentences using -ing, making any necessary changes
أعد كتابة الجمل الأتية بإستخدام ing وعمل التغييرات اللازمة فى الجملة :
She got very worried and thought we had had an accident.
He went to his room and closed the door behind him.
I didn't hear what he said and asked him to repeat it.
You didn't ask me for permission because you knew I would refuse.
I'm not a lawyer, so I can't give you the advice you are looking for.

Answers:
She got very worried, thinking we had had an accident.
He went to his room, closing the door behind him.
Not hearing what he said, I asked him to repeat it.
Knowing I would refuse, you didn't ask me for permission.
Not being a lawyer, I can't give you the advice you looking for.

(B) The present participle in place of adverbial clauses
(ب) اسم الفاعل بدلاً من الجمل الظرفية

يمكن إستخدام اسم الفاعل بدلاً من الجملة، فبدلاً من أن نقول :
Since we arrived here, we have made many new friends.
يمكن أن نقول :
Since arriving here, we have made many new friends.

Exercise:
Rewrite these sentences using a joining word + -ing
أعد كتابة الجمل الأتية بإستخدام كلمة ربط بها ing (اسم الفاعل)

They broke this window when they tried to get into the house.
Though he refused to eat, he admitted he was very hungry.
I damaged the car while I was trying to park it.
While I agree you may be right, I still object to your argument.
After we looked at the map, we tried to find the right street.
Don't get into any arguments before you check your facts.

Answers:
They broke this window when trying to get into the house.
Though refusing to eat, he admitted he was very hungry.
I damaged the car while trying to park it.
While agreeing you may be right, I still object to your argument.
After looking at the map, we tried to find the right street.
Don't get into any arguments before checking your facts


(C) The present participle in place of relative clauses
(ج) أستخدام اسم الفاعل بدلاً من الجمل الموصولة

يمكن إستخدام اسم الفاعل بدلاً من ضمائر الوصل عندما نتكلم عن المضارع
The man who is serving at the counter is very helpful.
يمكن أن نقولها بهذه الطريقة
The man serving at the counter is very helpful.
ويمكن ان نقول هذه الجملة :
The new law applies to vehicles which are carrying heavy loads
يمكن ان نقولها بهذه الطريقة :
The new law applies to vehicles carrying heavy loads.
ويمكن فى بعض الأحيان إستخدام ing  بدلاً من   who, which + present simple

This job will suit students who want to work during the holidays.
يمكن أن نقولها بهذه الطريقة
This job will suit students wanting to work during the holidays

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