أهم الأفعال المنتظمة الشاذة المشهورة فى اللغة الإنجليزية Common Regualr and Irregualr Verbs in English
مقدمة
قبل أن نعرض الجدول الخاص بالأفعال الشاذة والمنتظمة يجب أن نعرف النقاط التالية :
الفعل فى اللغة الإنجليزية هو الذى يدل على حدث ما فى وقت معين ، أو هو ما يقوم به الفاعل.
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الأفعال فى اللغة الإنجليزية حسب نوعها إلى أفعال منتظمة وأفعال شاذة وحسب تصريفها إلى ثلاث تصريفات.
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الفعل المنتظم نضيف له d أو ed أو ied فى التصريف الثانى والثالث أو عند تحويلها للماضى والتصريف الثالث له قاعدة معينة.
معظم الأفعال المنتظمة نضيف لها ed فى التصريف الثانى والثالث، خاصة إذا أنتهت
بحرف ساكن
والحروف الساكنة هى جميع الحروف ما عدا a, e, o, i, u مثل visit, visited
إذا كان الفعل منتظمًا وينتهى بـ e نضيف له d مثل live, lived
إذا كان الفعل منتظمًا وينتهى بحرف y يسبقها حرف ساكن، نحذف حرف y ونضيف ied مثل study, studied
إذا كان الفعل منتظمًا وينتهى بحرف ساكن يسبقه حرف متحرك نضاعف
الحرف الساكن ونضيف ed مثل stop,
stopped
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الفعل غير المنتظم أو الشاذ لا يتبع هذه القاعدة وليس له قاعدة ثابتة.
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الفعل المنتظم إذن يمكن إستنتاج التصريف الثانى (الماضى) والتصريف الثالث له بناءًا على قواعد معينة ولكن الأفعال الشاذة تحفظ كما هى ولا يمكن إستنتاج تصريفها الثانى والثالث.
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لا يوجد طريقة لإستنتاج إلى أى مجموعة ينتمى أى فعل عشوائى (أى الفعل الذى نعرفه لأول مرة) لذلك عند معرفة حفظ جديد يجب معرفة ما إذا كان هذا الفعل ينتمى إلى مجموعة الأفعال الشاذة أو المنتظمة.
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التصريف الأول أو مصدر الفعل يسمى infinitive
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التصريف الثانى أو الماضى البسيط يسمى past tense
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التصريف الثالث يسمى past
participle ونختصرها p.p
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التصريف الأول نستخدمه مع زمن المضارع البسيط بإضافة s, es, ies ومع المضارع المستمر بإضافة ing وكما هو بعد الأفعال الناقصة.
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التصريف الثانى هو زمن الماضى البسيط.
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التصريف الثالث نستخدمه مع زمن المضارع التام والماضى التام.
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الأزمنة فى اللغة الإنجليزية تعبر عن الأوقات التى يحدث فيها الفعل وسيلى شرحها.
جدول تصريفات الإفعال الشاذة والمنتظمة شائعة الإستخدام
التصريف الثالث Past
participle P.P |
التصريف الثانى (الماضى البسيط) Past
simple |
المعني Meaning
|
التصريف الأول (مصدر الفعل) Infinitive
|
acted |
acted |
يتصرف - يمثل |
act |
added |
added |
يضيف |
add |
agreed |
agreed |
يوافق |
agree |
allowed |
allowed |
يسمح |
allow |
answered |
answered |
يجيب |
answer |
arrived |
arrived |
يصل |
arrive |
asked |
asked |
يسأل - يطلب |
ask |
awoken |
awoke |
يوقظ |
awake |
awaked |
awaked |
يستيقظ |
awake |
backed |
backed |
يرجع |
back |
baked |
baked |
يخبز |
bake |
born |
bore |
تلد |
bear |
borne |
bore |
يتحمل |
bear |
become |
became |
يصبح |
become |
begun |
began |
يبدأ |
begin |
believed |
believed |
يعتقد |
believe |
belonged |
belonged |
ينتمي |
belong |
blown |
blew |
يفجر - يعصف |
blow |
boxed |
boxed |
يلاكم - يعبيء |
box |
broken |
broke |
يكسر |
break |
brightened |
brightened |
يسطع |
brighten |
brought |
brought |
يحضر |
bring |
built |
built |
يبني |
build |
bumped |
bumped |
يصدم |
bump |
bought |
bought |
يشتري |
buy |
called |
called |
يسمي - ينادي |
call |
carried |
carried |
يحمل |
carry |
caught |
caught |
يمسك - يصطاد |
catch |
changed |
changed |
يغير |
change |
chased |
chased |
يطارد |
chase |
cheered |
cheered |
يبتهج |
cheer |
chosen |
chose |
يختار |
choose |
cleaned |
cleaned |
ينظف |
clean |
climbed |
climbed |
يتسلق |
climb |
closed |
closed |
يغلق |
close |
coloured |
coloured |
يلون |
colour |
come |
came |
يأتي |
come |
compared |
compared |
يقارن |
compare |
completed |
completed |
يكمل |
complete |
contained |
cantained |
يحتوي |
contain |
controlled |
controlled |
يسيطر علي |
control |
cooked |
cooked |
يطهي |
cook |
copied |
copied |
ينسخ |
copy |
corrected |
corrected |
يصحح |
correct |
cost |
cost |
يكلف |
cost |
counted |
counted |
يعد |
count |
covered |
covered |
يغطي |
cover |
crashed |
crashed |
يتحطم |
crash |
creaked |
creaked |
يزيق |
creak |
crossed |
crossed |
يعبر - يشطب |
cross |
cried |
cried |
يصرخ - يبكي |
cry |
cut |
cut |
يقطع |
cut |
danced |
danced |
يرقص |
dance |
decided |
decided |
يقرر |
decide |
died |
died |
يموت |
die |
dug |
dug |
يحفر |
dig |
dirtied |
dirtied |
يوسخ |
dirty |
divided |
divided |
يقسم |
divide |
done |
did |
يفعل |
do |
downed |
downed |
ينزل |
down |
drawn |
drew |
يرسم - يسحب |
draw |
dreamt |
dreamt |
يحلم |
dream |
drunk |
drank |
يشرب |
drink |
driven |
drove |
يقود |
drive |
dropped |
dropped |
يسقط |
drop |
dried |
dried |
يجفف |
dry |
eaten |
ate |
يأكل |
eat |
ended |
ended |
ينتهي |
end |
enjoyed |
enjoyed |
يتمتع |
enjoy |
excited |
excited |
يثير |
excite |
exclaimed |
exclaimed |
يهتف |
exclaim |
excused |
excused |
يعتذر |
excuse |
fallen |
fell |
يقع |
fall |
favoured |
favoured |
يؤيد |
favour |
feared |
feared |
يخاف |
fear |
fed |
fed |
يطعم |
feed |
felt |
felt |
يشعر |
feel |
ferried |
ferried |
يعبر بالمعدية |
ferry |
fought |
fought |
يحارب |
fight |
filled |
filled |
يملأ |
fill |
found |
found |
يجد |
find |
finished |
finished |
ينهي |
finish |
fished |
fished |
يصطاد |
fish |
flown |
flew |
يطير |
fly |
folded |
folded |
يطوي |
fold |
followed |
followed |
يتبع |
follow |
forgotten |
forgot |
ينسي |
forget |
forwarded |
forwarded |
يرسل |
forward |
frightened |
frightened |
يخيف |
frighten |
gotten |
got |
يحصل - ينال |
get |
gotten up |
got up |
ينهض |
get up |
given |
gave |
يعطي |
give |
gone |
went |
يذهب |
go |
governed |
governed |
يحكم |
govern |
grown |
grew |
يزرع - ينمو |
grow |
guarded |
guarded |
يحرس |
guard |
happened |
happened |
يحدث |
happen |
headed |
headed |
يتصدر |
head |
heard |
heard |
يسمع |
hear |
helped |
helped |
يساعد |
help |
hidden |
hid |
يختبيء - يخفي |
hide |
hit |
hit |
يضرب |
hit |
held |
held |
يمسك |
hold |
hoped |
hoped |
يأمل |
hope |
hurried |
hurried |
يسرع |
hurry |
hurt |
hurt |
يؤذي - يؤلم |
hurt |
imagined |
imagine |
يتخيل |
imagine |
included |
included |
يشمل |
include |
introduced |
introduced |
يقدم |
introduce |
invented |
invented |
يخترع |
invent |
invited |
invited |
يدعو |
invite |
irrigated |
irrigated |
يروي |
irrigate |
joined |
joined |
يربط |
join |
jumped |
jumped |
يقفز |
jump |
kept |
kept |
يحافظ |
keep |
kicked |
kicked |
يركل |
kick |
killed |
killed |
يقتل |
kill |
known |
knew |
يعرف |
know |
landed |
landed |
يهبط |
land |
lasted |
lasted |
يدوم |
last |
laughed |
laughed |
يضحك |
laugh |
laid |
laid |
يضع |
lay |
learnt |
learnt |
يتعلم |
learn |
left |
left |
يترك |
leave |
let |
let |
يسمح - يدع |
let |
lied |
lied |
يكذب |
lie |
lain |
lay |
يتمدد - يرقد |
lie |
lifted |
lifted |
يرفع |
lift |
lit |
lit |
يضيء - يشعل |
light |
liked |
liked |
يحب |
like |
listened |
listened |
ينصت |
listen |
lived |
lived |
يعيش - يقيم |
live |
locked |
locked |
يقفل |
lock |
looked |
looked |
ينظر |
look |
lost |
lost |
يفقد |
lose |
loved |
loved |
يحب |
love |
made |
made |
يصنع |
make |
married |
married |
يتزوج |
marry |
matched |
matched |
ينافس - يلائم |
match |
meant |
meant |
يعني |
mean |
measured |
measured |
يقيس |
measure |
met |
met |
يقابل |
meet |
melted |
melted |
يذيب |
melt |
mended |
mended |
يصلح |
mend |
milked |
milked |
يحلب |
milk |
minded |
minded |
يلاحظ – يعني ب |
mind |
missed |
missed |
يخطيء - يفتقد |
miss |
mixed |
mixed |
يخلط |
mix |
moved |
moved |
يتحرك |
move |
named |
named |
يسمي |
name |
needed |
needed |
يحتاج |
need |
opened |
opened |
يفتح |
open |
ordered |
ordered |
يأمر |
order |
owned |
owned |
يملك |
own |
packed |
packed |
يحزم |
pack |
painted |
painted |
يدهن |
paint |
passed |
passed |
يمر |
pass |
paid |
paid |
يدفع |
pay |
phoned |
phoned |
يهاتف |
phone |
pinched |
pinched |
يقرص |
pinch |
planned |
planned |
يخطط |
plan |
played |
played |
يلعب - يعزف |
play |
pleased |
pleased |
يرضي |
please |
pointed |
pointed |
يشير |
point |
posted |
posted |
يرسل بالبريد |
post |
poured |
poured |
يصب - يسكب |
pour |
prayed |
prayed |
يصلي |
pray |
preferred |
preferred |
يفضل |
prefer |
prepared |
prepared |
يجهز - يعد |
prepare |
pretended |
pretended |
يتظاهر |
pretend |
pulled |
pulled |
يسحب - يجر |
pull |
pushed |
pushed |
يدفع إلي الأمام |
push |
put |
put |
يضع |
put |
questioned |
questioned |
يسأل |
question |
rained |
rained |
تمطر |
rain |
reached |
reached |
يصل |
reach |
read |
read |
يقرأ |
read |
realized |
realized |
يدرك |
realize |
remembered |
remembered |
يتذكر |
remember |
replied |
replied |
يجيب |
reply |
reported |
reported |
يبلغ |
report |
rewarded |
rewarded |
يكافيء |
reward |
ridden |
rode |
يركب |
ride |
righted |
righted |
يصحح |
right |
rolled |
rolled |
يلف - يتدحرج |
roll |
rounded |
rounded |
يدور |
round |
rowed |
rowed |
يجدف - يتشاجر |
row |
run |
ran |
يجري |
run |
sailed |
sailed |
يبحر |
sail |
saved |
saved |
ينقذ |
save |
saved |
saved |
يدخر |
save |
sawed |
sawed |
ينشر الخشب |
saw |
said |
said |
يقول |
say |
scored |
scored |
يسجل |
score |
seen |
saw |
يري |
see |
seemed |
seemed |
يبدو |
seem |
sold |
sold |
يبيع |
sell |
sent |
sent |
يرسل |
send |
set |
set |
تغرب - يضبط |
set |
sewed |
sewed |
يخيط |
sew |
shaken |
shook |
يصافح |
shake |
shined |
shined |
يلمع |
shine |
shot |
shot |
يطلق النار |
shoot |
shouted |
shouted |
يصرخ |
shout |
shown |
showed |
يعرض - يظهر |
show |
signed |
signed |
يوقع - يمضي |
sign |
sung |
sang |
يغني |
sing |
sat |
sat |
يجلس |
sit |
slept |
slept |
ينام |
sleep |
smelt |
smelt |
يشم |
smell |
smiled |
smiled |
يبتسم |
smile |
smoked |
smoked |
يدخن |
smoke |
sown |
sowed |
يبذر - يزرع |
sow |
spoken |
spoke |
يتكلم |
speak |
spent |
spent |
يقضي - يصرف |
spend |
splashed |
splashed |
يرش |
splash |
stood |
stood |
يقف |
stand |
started |
started |
يبدأ |
start |
stayed |
stayed |
يقيم - يمكث |
stay |
stolen |
stole |
يسرق |
steal |
stuck |
stuck |
يلصق |
stick |
stopped |
stopped |
يتوقف - يمنع |
stop |
studied |
studied |
يدرس |
study |
sworn |
swore |
يُقسم |
swear |
swum |
swam |
يسبح |
swim |
taken |
took |
يأخذ |
take |
talked |
talked |
يتحدث |
talk |
tasted |
tasted |
يتذوق |
taste |
taught |
taught |
يعلم |
teach |
told |
told |
يخبر |
tell |
thanked |
thanked |
يشكر |
thank |
thought |
thought |
يظن |
think |
thrown |
threw |
يرمي |
throw |
ticked |
ticked |
يتكتك - يؤشر |
tick |
tied |
tied |
يربط |
tie |
touched |
touched |
يلمس |
touch |
traced |
traced |
يتتبع |
trace |
travelled |
travelled |
يسافر |
travel |
tried |
tried |
يحاول |
try |
turned |
turned |
يدير - يحرك |
turn |
used |
used |
يستخدم |
use |
visited |
visited |
يزور |
visit |
waited |
waited |
ينتظر |
wait |
woken |
woke |
يوقظ |
wake |
walked |
walked |
يمشي |
walk |
wanted |
wanted |
يريد |
want |
washed |
washed |
يغسل |
wash |
watched |
watched |
يشاهد |
watch |
watered |
watered |
يروي - يسقي |
water |
worn |
wore |
يرتدي |
wear |
weighed |
weighed |
يزن |
weigh |
welcomed |
welcomed |
يرحب |
welcome |
willed |
willed |
يرغب |
will |
won |
won |
يفوز |
win |
winked |
winked |
يغمز بعينه |
wink |
wondered |
wondered |
يتعجب |
wonder |
worked |
worked |
يعمل |
work |
written |
wrote |
يكتب |
write |
wronged |
wronged |
يظلم |
wrong |
إرسال تعليق